PENGARUH ROA, EPS, DER, NPM TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM (STUDI KASUS PADA PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN BATUBARA YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2017-2019)

This research was conducted on coal mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The purpose of this research is to test and analyze the influence of Return On Assets (ROA), Earning PerShare (EPS), Debt to Equity Ratio(DER) and Net Profit Margin (NPM) on Share Return on coal mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2017-2019 either in a partial or simultaneous manner. The data in this company is secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). There is a population in this study obtained from coal mining companies. There are 54 samples of issuers' financial statements using puposive sampling techniques.The results showed that : Return on Assets has a calculated t value of < t table, 0.466 < 1.99254 which means that Return on Assets is partially insignificant and insignificant in the disclosure of a company's Share Return. Earning Per Share has a calculated value of -t > -t table, -0.658 > -1.99254 which means that Earning Per Share is partially insignificant and insignificant in the disclosure of a company's Share Return. Debt to Equity Ratio has a calculated t value of > t table, -3,784 > -1.99254 which means that Debt to Equity Ratio is partially influential and significant in the disclosure of a company's Share Return. Net Profit Margin has a calculated t value of > t table, 4,483 > 1.99254 which means that Net Profit Margin is partially influential and significant in the disclosure of a company's Share Return. Return on Assets, Earning Per Share, Debt to Equity Ratio, Net Profit Margin simultaneously affects Stock Return.  

Mechanism of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegeneration

Biological tissues require oxygen to meet their energetic demands. However, the consumption of oxygen also results in the generation of free radicals that may have damaging effects on cells. The brain is particularly vulnerable to the effects of reactive oxygen species due to its high demand for oxygen, and its abundance of highly peroxidisable substrates. Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance in the redox state of the cell, either by overproduction of reactive oxygen species, or by dysfunction of the antioxidant systems. Oxidative stress has been detected in a range of neurodegenerative disease, and emerging evidence from in vitro and in vivo disease models suggests that oxidative stress may play a role in disease pathogenesis. However, the promise of antioxidants as novel therapies for neurodegenerative diseases has not been borne out in clinical studies. In this review, we critically assess the hypothesis that oxidative stress is a crucial player in common neurodegenerative disease and discuss the source of free radicals in such diseases. Furthermore, we examine the issues surrounding the failure to translate this hypothesis into an effective clinical treatment

An Efficient and Robust Tuple Timestamp Hybrid Historical Relational Data Model

This paper proposes a novel, efficient and robust tuple time stamped hybrid historical relational model for dealing with temporal data. The primary goal of developing this model is to make it easier to manage historical data robustly with minimal space requirements and retrieve it more quickly and efficiently. The model's efficiency and results were revealed when it was applied to an employee database. The proposed model's performance in terms of query execution time and space requirements is compared to a single relational data model. The obtained results show that the proposed model is approximately 20% faster than the conventional single relational data model. Memory consumption results also show that the proposed model's memory cost at different frequencies is significantly reduced, which is approximately 30% less than the single relational data model for a set of queries. Because net cost is strongly related to query execution time and memory cost, the suggested model's net cost is also significantly reduced. The proposed tuple timestamp hybrid historical model acts as generic, accurate and robust model. It provides the same functionality as previous versions, as well as hybrid functionality of previously proposed models, with a significant improvement in query execution speed and memory usage. This model is effective and reliable for the use in a wide range of temporal database fields, including insurance, geographic information systems, stocks and finance (e.g. Finacle in Banking), data warehousing, scientific databases, legal case histories, and medical records

Implementasi Strategi Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan (LP2B) di Kabupaten Gresik

"Alih fungsi lahan merupakan salah satu potret permasalahan di era modern ini, terlebih lagi lahan yang menjadi sasaran untuk dialihfungsikan adalah lahan pertanian produktif, padahal lahan pertanian produktif merupakan salah satu asset dalam memperkuat ketahanan pangan nasional maupun daerah. Untuk itu pemerintah mengeluarkan Undang-Undang No. 41 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan (LP2B). Permasalahan empiris di Kabupaten Gresik ialah semakin maraknya alih fungsi lahan yang didorong oleh kebutuhan ekonomi masyarakat maupun developer, sebagai penjabaran dari UU No. 41 Tahun 2009 maka Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Gresik membuat Perda No. 7 Tahun 2015 Tentang Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan, serta membentuk Badan Koordinasi Penataan Ruang Daerah (BKPRD). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi strategi perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan (LP2B) yang digunakan oleh Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Gresik melalui BKPRD. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Analisis teori tekni implementasi menggunakan teori Implementasi Strategi oleh Certo yang meliputi struktur organisasi, budaya organisasi, dan kepemimpinan. Teknik pemilihan informan menggunakan snowball sampling. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model Creswell. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan dokumentasi. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang digunakan oleh Pemkab Gresik tertuang dalam Perda No. 7 Tahun 2015 yang meliputi insentif, disinsentif, mekanisme perizinan, proteksi, dan penyuluhan sudah berjalan cukup baik. Struktur organisasi BKPRD menggambarkan adanya lintas fungsi antar OPD anggota, dimana terdapat peran yang melekat didalamnya dan menciptakan nilai budaya organisasi kerjasama, selain itu kepemimpinan yang demokratis membuat anggota dapat memberikan saran dan masukan terhadap hasil akhir pada forum rapat. Peneliti memberi saran berdasarkan hasil penelitian adalah (a) pembatasan tugas dan fungsi agar tidak ada tumpang tindih peran (b) meningkatkan koordinasi eksternal dengan petani/pemilik lahan dan (c) penyediaan anggaran yang lebih besar untuk insentif demi pemenuhan sasaran

The Redistributive Effects Of The EU Budget: An Analysis And A Proposal Reform

This paper analyzes the redistributive effects of the EU budget during the period 1986-98, explores the implications of the Berlin budget agreement and advances a proposal for setting member countries' budgetary balances in a manner consistent with a simple equity criterion based on relative income per capita. Using an extension of a standard methodology, we find that the redistributive impact of the EU budget has been considerable in view of its small size, that it has tended to increase over time, and that it is mostly due to the effects of structural programmes. We also find that, in spite of the relative loss of weight of structural transfers, the expenditure side of the Berlin budget agreement represents a noticeable (but small) improvement over the previous financial perspectives in terms of both its redistributive impact and its horizontal equity properties. Our proposed allocation criterion involves the correction of horizontal inequities while preserving the current degree of redistribution. This would involve a sizable reallocation of net contributions across rich countries and only a modest reduction in north-south fiscal flows.This paper was written as part of a research project cofinanced by the European Fund for Regional Development and Fundación Caixa Galicia. Additional financial support was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Culture under grants SEC99-1189 and SEC99-0820

Generation of TWO G51D SNCA missense mutation iPSC lines (CRICKi011-A, CRICKi012-A) from two individuals at risk of Parkinson's disease

Mutations or multiplications of the SNCA (Synuclein Alpha) gene cause rare autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD). The SNCA G51D missense mutation is associated with a synucleinopathy that shares PD and multiple system atrophy (MSA) characteristics. We generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from two individuals with SNCA G51D missense mutations at risk of PD. Dermal fibroblasts were reprogrammed to pluripotency using a non-integrating mRNA-based protocol. The resulting human iPSCs displayed normal morphology, expressed markers associated with pluripotency, and differentiated into the three germ layers. The iPSC lines could facilitate disease-modelling and therapy development studies for synucleinopathies

Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers Interact with Metal Ions to Induce Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Death in Parkinson's Disease

Protein aggregation and oxidative stress are both key pathogenic processes in Parkinson's disease, although the mechanism by which misfolded proteins induce oxidative stress and neuronal death remains unknown. In this study, we describe how aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-S) from its monomeric form to its soluble oligomeric state results in aberrant free radical production and neuronal toxicity